Basics of coordinate plane (2D cartesian plane)

In this lesson, we will learn:

• How to use the coordinate plane system to draw and locate points in the format ($x$, $y$)
• How to rotate, reflect, and translate shapes on the coordinate plane

Notes:

• The coordinate plane (also called coordinate system or the 2D cartesian plane/system) is a system where points on a grid are given locations called "coordinates"

Example: use a simple dot grid (or array) to understand how the coordinate plane works

• The unique and specific location of any point is given by two pieces of information
• the column number (from left to right)
• and the row number (from top to bottom)

• The coordinate plane has two dimensions and points are given in the format point (x, y)
• the location on the x-axis (from left to right, the column number)
• and the location of the y-axis (from top to bottom, the row number)

• There are four types of transformations that can be done on the coordinate plane
• Rotations: spinning shapes around a point
• Reflections: creating a mirror image across a mirror line
• Translations: sliding a shape (left $\longleftrightarrow$ right) and/or (up $\updownarrow$ down)
• Resizing: stretching or shrinking a shape by a scale factor (i.e. doubling, halving)